How are Biomarkers Utilized in Monitoring and Prognosis?
Biomarkers are not only critical for diagnosis but also for monitoring the disease progression and prognosis:
Monitoring Treatment: Tumor markers like CA-125 are used to monitor the efficacy of treatment in ovarian cancer patients. A decrease in levels often indicates a positive response to therapy. Prognostic Indicators: High levels of certain markers can indicate a poor prognosis. For example, elevated CA-125 levels post-surgery in ovarian cancer patients can suggest residual disease and a higher likelihood of recurrence. Fertility Treatments: Hormonal markers such as estradiol and progesterone are monitored during assisted reproductive techniques (ART) to assess the response to ovulation induction and to optimize the timing of procedures like in vitro fertilization (IVF).