How are Biomarkers Used in Diagnosing Gynecological Conditions?
Biomarkers play a pivotal role in diagnosing gynecological conditions:
Ovarian Cancer: CA-125 is a significant biomarker for ovarian cancer. Elevated levels can suggest malignancy, although it is not specific and can be elevated in benign conditions like endometriosis. Breast Cancer: The presence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations can significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Genetic testing for these markers helps in early detection and preventive strategies. Endometriosis: Inflammatory markers such as CRP and IL-6 can indicate the presence of endometriosis, although imaging and surgical confirmation are often required for diagnosis. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Hormonal markers like elevated testosterone and LH/FSH ratio are used to diagnose PCOS.
