What are the Limitations of Biomarkers in Gynecology?
Despite their importance, biomarkers have limitations:
Specificity and Sensitivity: Many biomarkers are not entirely specific to one condition. For example, CA-125 can be elevated in benign conditions like endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to false positives. Variability: Biological variability between individuals can affect biomarker levels, necessitating the need for personalized reference ranges. Cost: Some biomarker tests, especially genetic testing for BRCA mutations, can be expensive and may not be accessible to all patients. Invasive Procedures: Some biomarkers require invasive procedures to obtain samples, which can be uncomfortable and carry risks.
