The primary cause of pelvic varicose veins is believed to be venous insufficiency where the veins are unable to effectively return blood to the heart. This leads to pooling of blood and increased pressure in the pelvic veins. Other contributing factors include hormonal changes, especially those related to pregnancy, genetics, and conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Prolonged standing or sitting can also exacerbate the condition.
