Several biomarkers have been identified and are currently in use or under investigation:
CA-125: This protein is often elevated in women with ovarian cancer and is used for diagnosis and monitoring response to treatment. HPV DNA: The presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is a key biomarker for cervical cancer screening. HE4: Another biomarker for ovarian cancer, HE4 is often used in conjunction with CA-125 for improved diagnostic accuracy. Endometrial biomarkers: Specific proteins and genes are being investigated for their role in diagnosing endometriosis and endometrial cancer.
