The images obtained from a transvaginal ultrasound can be used to diagnose and monitor various conditions. For instance, if a patient is experiencing infertility, the ultrasound can help identify potential causes such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or blocked fallopian tubes. In cases of pelvic pain, it can help identify the source of the pain, which could be due to conditions like ovarian cysts or fibroids.