Hormones play a vital role in regulating mood. Estrogen and progesterone, primary female sex hormones, fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, postpartum period, and menopause. These fluctuations can lead to mood swings, irritability, and anxiety. For instance, during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, some women experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS), characterized by mood changes, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, and depression.
