What is the role of hormonal changes in psychiatric symptoms?
Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause can influence psychiatric symptoms. For example, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) characterized by emotional and physical symptoms that impair daily functioning. Similarly, hormonal changes during pregnancy and postpartum periods can lead to conditions like postpartum depression and anxiety.
