A typical gynecological exam may include a variety of assessments such as a pelvic exam, a Pap smear, and possibly a breast exam. During a pelvic exam, the doctor examines the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and rectum for any abnormalities. The Pap smear is a screening procedure for cervical cancer that involves collecting cells from the cervix. In some cases, a breast exam is also performed to check for lumps or abnormalities.