Despite their advantages, case control studies have limitations. One major issue is recall bias, where participants may not accurately remember past exposures. Selection bias can also occur if cases and controls are not properly matched. Furthermore, these studies can only establish association, not causation. This is particularly important in gynecology, where multiple factors often contribute to a condition. For example, a study might find an association between obesity and uterine fibroids, but cannot prove that obesity causes fibroids.
