Several diagnostic methods are employed to confirm the presence and type of fistula. These include:
Clinical Examination A detailed pelvic examination is crucial. The healthcare provider will look for signs of abnormal discharge or openings in the vaginal wall.
Imaging Studies - Ultrasound can help identify fluid collections and the tract of the fistula. - CT Scan or MRI provide detailed images of the pelvic organs and are particularly useful in complex cases. - Fistulography involves injecting a contrast dye into the fistula and taking X-rays to visualize the tract.
Endoscopic Procedures - Cystoscopy: A scope is inserted into the bladder to locate the fistula opening. - Colonoscopy or Sigmoidoscopy: These procedures help identify fistulae involving the rectum or colon.
Specialized Tests - Dye Tests: Methylene blue or indigo carmine dye is instilled into the bladder or rectum. If the dye appears in the vagina, it confirms the presence of a fistula. - Tampon Test: A tampon is placed in the vagina and dye is injected into the bladder or rectum. The presence of dye on the tampon indicates a fistula.
