How do hormonal changes impact the menstrual cycle?
The menstrual cycle is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones. During the follicular phase, FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles. The dominant follicle produces estrogen, which thickens the uterine lining. Mid-cycle, a surge in LH triggers ovulation. In the luteal phase, the corpus luteum secretes progesterone, preparing the uterus for potential pregnancy. If fertilization doesn't occur, hormone levels drop, leading to menstruation.
