What is Ultrasonography?
Ultrasonography, also known as ultrasound, is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of structures within the body. In
gynecology, it is primarily used to visualize the female reproductive organs, including the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.
How is Ultrasonography Performed?
There are two main types of ultrasonography in gynecology:
transabdominal and
transvaginal ultrasound. During a transabdominal ultrasound, the health care provider applies a gel on the lower abdomen and moves a handheld device called a transducer over the area. In a transvaginal ultrasound, a specially designed transducer is inserted into the vagina to obtain more detailed images of the pelvic organs.
Pregnancy monitoring: To confirm pregnancy, determine gestational age, and monitor fetal development.
Pelvic pain evaluation: To identify causes such as ovarian cysts, fibroids, or ectopic pregnancy.
Infertility assessment: To evaluate ovarian reserve, antral follicle count, and uterine abnormalities.
Menstrual irregularities: To investigate causes like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or endometrial hyperplasia.
Cancer screening: To detect ovarian and endometrial cancers.
Non-invasive: It does not require any incisions or injections.
Safe: It uses sound waves rather than ionizing radiation, making it safe for both the patient and fetus.
Real-time imaging: Provides immediate visual feedback, allowing for quick assessment and diagnosis.
Cost-effective: Generally less expensive compared to other imaging modalities like MRI or CT scans.
What Should Patients Expect During the Procedure?
For a transabdominal ultrasound, patients may be asked to drink water before the procedure to fill the bladder, which helps provide clearer images. During a transvaginal ultrasound, patients will be asked to empty their bladder and lie down with their knees bent. The procedure is generally painless but may cause slight discomfort.
Ovarian cysts: Fluid-filled sacs within or on the surface of an ovary.
Fibroids: Noncancerous growths in the uterus that can cause pain and bleeding.
Endometrial thickening: Can indicate conditions like endometrial hyperplasia or cancer.
Ectopic pregnancy: A pregnancy located outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube.
Conclusion
Ultrasonography is a vital tool in gynecology that aids in the diagnosis and management of various conditions related to the female reproductive system. Its safety, cost-effectiveness, and real-time imaging capabilities make it an indispensable part of gynecological practice.
