What is Polythelia?
Polythelia is a medical condition where an individual has more than the usual number of nipples. These additional nipples are often referred to as supernumerary or accessory nipples. They can appear anywhere along the embryonic milk lines, which extend from the armpits to the groin.
How Common is Polythelia?
Polythelia is relatively common, occurring in about 1-5% of the population. It is often underreported because these extra nipples are sometimes small and mistaken for
moles or other benign skin lesions.
What Causes Polythelia?
The exact cause of polythelia is not well understood. It is believed to result from incomplete regression of the embryonic mammary ridges, also known as the milk lines, during fetal development.
Genetic factors may also play a role, as there is often a family history of the condition.
Are There Any Symptoms?
In most cases, polythelia is asymptomatic and does not cause any health issues. However, some individuals may experience tenderness or changes in the accessory nipples, especially during hormonal changes such as puberty or pregnancy. Rarely, these extra nipples can be associated with underlying
renal anomalies or other congenital conditions.
How is Polythelia Diagnosed?
Polythelia is usually diagnosed through a physical examination. A healthcare provider may identify extra nipples by their characteristic appearance and location along the milk lines. If there is any uncertainty,
dermatoscopy or a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
What are the Treatment Options?
Most cases of polythelia do not require treatment. If the extra nipples cause discomfort or cosmetic concerns, they can be surgically removed. The procedure is typically straightforward and performed under local anesthesia. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider to discuss the risks and benefits of
surgical removal.
Can Polythelia Affect Breastfeeding?
Polythelia generally does not affect the ability to
breastfeed. The accessory nipples usually do not contain functional glandular tissue and therefore do not interfere with milk production or breastfeeding. However, if the extra nipples are located near the primary nipples, they may become tender during breastfeeding.
Is There a Link to Breast Cancer?
There is no strong evidence to suggest that polythelia increases the risk of
breast cancer. However, it is important for individuals with polythelia to perform regular breast self-exams and follow standard screening guidelines, as they would for any breast tissue.
Conclusion
Polythelia is a relatively common condition characterized by the presence of extra nipples. Although it is usually asymptomatic and benign, it is important to be aware of the condition for proper diagnosis and management. If there are any concerns or symptoms, consulting with a healthcare provider is recommended to determine the appropriate course of action.
