lab tests - Gynecology

What are the common lab tests in gynecology?

In the field of gynecology, common lab tests include the Pap smear, HPV testing, STI screening, hormonal assays, and blood tests. These tests help monitor reproductive health, diagnose conditions, and guide treatment plans.

How is a Pap smear performed and what does it detect?

A Pap smear involves collecting cells from the cervix to check for abnormalities. It primarily detects cervical dysplasia, which can be a precursor to cervical cancer. The test can also identify infections and inflammation.

What is HPV testing and why is it important?

HPV testing detects the presence of high-risk types of the human papillomavirus that are associated with cervical cancer. It is often performed alongside a Pap smear to enhance screening accuracy and guide the frequency of future tests.

What types of STI screenings are available?

STI screening can involve blood tests, urine tests, and swabs. Common STIs screened for include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV, and herpes. Early detection through these screenings is crucial for treatment and preventing transmission.

What are hormonal assays and when are they indicated?

Hormonal assays measure levels of reproductive hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, FSH, LH, and prolactin. They are indicated for evaluating menstrual irregularities, infertility, and symptoms of menopause or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Why are blood tests significant in gynecology?

Blood tests in gynecology can assess general health and detect conditions such as anemia, thyroid disorders, and diabetes. They also monitor levels of hormones and markers of inflammation or infection.

How is endometrial biopsy conducted and what does it diagnose?

An endometrial biopsy involves taking a tissue sample from the lining of the uterus. It helps diagnose conditions like endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. It can also investigate abnormal uterine bleeding.

What is the role of ultrasound in gynecology?

Ultrasound imaging is used to visualize the reproductive organs. It helps diagnose conditions like fibroids, ovarian cysts, and ectopic pregnancies. It is also essential for monitoring pregnancy and guiding procedures such as egg retrieval in fertility treatments.

When is genetic testing recommended in gynecology?

Genetic testing may be recommended for women with a family history of hereditary cancers like breast or ovarian cancer. It can identify mutations in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, guiding risk assessment and preventive measures.

How does a colposcopy work and what does it diagnose?

Colposcopy is a procedure where a colposcope is used to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for abnormalities. It is often performed after abnormal Pap smear results to diagnose precancerous changes, genital warts, and other lesions.

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