What are the Risk Factors?
Several factors can increase the risk of an ectopic pregnancy. These include a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (
PID), previous ectopic pregnancies, surgery on the fallopian tubes, and certain types of fertility treatments. Smoking and being older than 35 years can also elevate the risk.
What are the Symptoms?
Early symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy can be similar to those of a normal pregnancy, such as a missed period,
breast tenderness, and nausea. However, signs that an ectopic pregnancy is problematic include sharp or stabbing pain in the abdomen or pelvis, vaginal bleeding, dizziness, and shoulder pain. If you experience these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.
How is it Diagnosed?
Diagnosing an ectopic pregnancy typically involves a combination of
pelvic exam,
ultrasound, and blood tests to measure levels of the pregnancy hormone
hCG. An abnormally low or slowly rising hCG level can indicate an ectopic pregnancy.
What are the Treatment Options?
Treatment for an ectopic pregnancy often involves medication or surgery. The drug
methotrexate can be used to stop the growth of the pregnancy tissue. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be required, including laparoscopy or laparotomy to remove the ectopic tissue and repair any damage.
What are the Complications?
If not treated promptly, an ectopic pregnancy can lead to severe complications such as the rupture of the fallopian tube, which can cause internal bleeding, shock, and even death. Long-term complications can include
infertility and an increased risk of future ectopic pregnancies.
How Can It Be Prevented?
While not all ectopic pregnancies can be prevented, reducing risk factors can help. This includes quitting smoking, practicing safe sex to reduce the risk of PID, and seeking early prenatal care to monitor the pregnancy's progress. Women with known risk factors should discuss them with their healthcare provider.
What is the Prognosis?
The prognosis for women who experience an ectopic pregnancy is generally good, especially if treated early. However, it can have emotional impacts, and support may be needed to cope with the loss. Subsequent pregnancies are possible, but it is crucial to have close monitoring for any future pregnancies.
