What is HPV?
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of viruses that affect the skin and moist membranes lining your body. There are over 100 different types of HPV, of which around 40 can affect the genital area. Some types of HPV are considered high-risk because they can lead to cancer.
How does HPV cause Cervical Cancer?
High-risk types of HPV can cause changes in the cells of the cervix, which can lead to
cervical dysplasia. If these changes are not detected and treated, they can progress to cervical cancer. The most common high-risk HPV types associated with cervical cancer are HPV-16 and HPV-18.
How is HPV transmitted?
HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can also be transmitted through close skin-to-skin contact. It is important to note that HPV can be transmitted even when an infected person shows no signs or symptoms.
What are the symptoms of HPV and Cervical Cancer?
Most people with HPV do not develop symptoms or health problems. However, some might experience genital warts, which are caused by low-risk types of HPV. Cervical cancer in its early stages typically does not cause symptoms, which makes regular screening crucial. Advanced cervical cancer may cause
symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or pain during intercourse.
HPV vaccination: Vaccines such as Gardasil and Cervarix protect against the most common high-risk HPV types.
Regular cervical screening: Pap smears and HPV tests can detect abnormal cells and the presence of high-risk HPV types.
Safe sex practices: Using condoms and having fewer sexual partners can reduce the risk of HPV transmission.
Smoking cessation: Smoking is a risk factor for cervical cancer, so quitting can help reduce your risk.
What is the role of the Pap Smear and HPV Testing?
A
Pap smear is a test that collects cells from the cervix to look for abnormalities that may develop into cervical cancer. HPV testing checks for the presence of high-risk HPV types in cervical cells. These tests are essential tools in the early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.
Surgery: Procedures such as a hysterectomy may be performed to remove cancerous tissue.
Radiation therapy: This uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
Chemotherapy: This involves using drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing.
Targeted therapy: Uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack cancer cells specifically.
What is the prognosis for Cervical Cancer?
The prognosis for cervical cancer depends on the stage at diagnosis. Early-stage cervical cancer has a high survival rate, especially when detected and treated promptly. Advanced cervical cancer is more challenging to treat and has a lower survival rate. Regular screening and early detection are key to improving outcomes.
