What are Fraternal Twins?
Fraternal twins, also known as dizygotic twins, occur when two separate eggs are fertilized by two separate sperm during the same menstrual cycle. Unlike identical twins, fraternal twins have distinct genetic material and can be of different sexes.
How are Fraternal Twins Conceived?
Fraternal twins are conceived when a woman releases two eggs during ovulation, a phenomenon known as hyperovulation. Each egg is fertilized by a different sperm, resulting in two genetically unique zygotes. Factors such as genetics, age, and fertility treatments can increase the likelihood of hyperovulation.
Genetics: A family history of fraternal twins on the mother's side can increase the likelihood.
Age: Women over the age of 30 are more likely to release multiple eggs during ovulation.
Fertility Treatments: Treatments such as
in vitro fertilization (IVF) and ovulation-stimulating medications can increase the chances of multiple eggs being released.
Ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, including African Americans, have a higher incidence of fraternal twins.
Diet: Some studies suggest that a diet rich in dairy products may increase the likelihood of hyperovulation.
Genetic Makeup: Fraternal twins have different genetic material and can be as genetically similar as regular siblings.
Sex: Fraternal twins can be of the same sex or different sexes, whereas identical twins are always the same sex.
Placenta: Each fraternal twin typically has its own placenta and amniotic sac, while identical twins may share one or both.
Premature Birth: Fraternal twins are more likely to be born prematurely compared to singleton pregnancies.
Low Birth Weight: Fraternal twins may have lower birth weights due to sharing the uterine environment.
Preeclampsia: The risk of preeclampsia is higher in twin pregnancies.
Gestational Diabetes: Mothers of twins are at an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes.
What Should Expectant Mothers of Fraternal Twins Know?
Expectant mothers of fraternal twins should be aware of the increased need for rest, nutrition, and prenatal care. They should maintain a healthy diet, stay hydrated, and follow their healthcare provider's recommendations for prenatal vitamins and supplements. Emotional support from family and friends, as well as potential participation in support groups, can also be beneficial.
