What is Emergency Contraceptive?
Emergency contraceptive (EC) is a method of birth control that can be used by women after
unprotected sex or contraceptive failure (e.g., a broken condom) to prevent pregnancy. It is not intended for regular use and should only be used in emergencies.
How Does Emergency Contraceptive Work?
Emergency contraceptives work primarily by delaying
ovulation or preventing fertilization. Some types may also alter the lining of the uterus, making it less suitable for a fertilized egg to implant. It is important to note that EC will not terminate an existing pregnancy.
Types of Emergency Contraceptive
There are two main types of emergency contraceptives:Effectiveness of Emergency Contraceptive
The effectiveness of EC varies by method: Levonorgestrel pills reduce the risk of pregnancy by 50-89% when taken within 72 hours.
Ulipristal acetate is more effective and can be taken up to 120 hours after unprotected sex.
The copper IUD is the most effective form of emergency contraception, reducing the risk of pregnancy by more than 99% if inserted within five days.
Side Effects of Emergency Contraceptive
Common side effects of ECPs include nausea, fatigue, headache, dizziness, breast tenderness, and changes in the
menstrual cycle. The copper IUD may cause cramping and heavier periods. These side effects are generally temporary and resolve on their own.
Who Can Use Emergency Contraceptive?
Most women can safely use emergency contraceptives. However, certain medical conditions may contraindicate their use. Women who are already pregnant should not use EC, as it is not effective in terminating pregnancy. It's always best to consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Access and Availability
Emergency contraceptive pills like levonorgestrel are available over-the-counter without a prescription. Ulipristal acetate requires a prescription. The copper IUD must be inserted by a trained healthcare provider. Availability may vary by location, and it is advisable to check local regulations and availability.Conclusion
Emergency contraceptives offer a crucial option for preventing unintended pregnancies after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. Understanding the types, effectiveness, side effects, and proper use of EC can help women make informed decisions in emergency situations. For personalized advice and access to EC, consulting a healthcare provider is recommended.
