What is Levonorgestrel?
Levonorgestrel is a synthetic progestogen, commonly used in various forms of contraception. It is structurally similar to the natural hormone progesterone and works by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and altering the endometrial lining to prevent pregnancy.
How is Levonorgestrel Used?
Levonorgestrel is available in different forms, including oral tablets and intrauterine devices (IUDs). The most common uses are:
Emergency Contraception: Levonorgestrel pills, often referred to as the "morning-after pill," are used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. It is most effective when taken within 72 hours.
Long-term Contraception: Levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs, such as Mirena and Skyla, provide long-term contraception by releasing small amounts of the hormone over several years.
High efficacy in preventing pregnancy
Convenience of use, especially with IUDs that require minimal maintenance
Reduction in menstrual bleeding and
dysmenorrhea (painful periods) with IUD use
Potential to treat endometrial hyperplasia and protect against endometrial cancer
Nausea and vomiting
Headaches and dizziness
Breast tenderness
Menstrual changes, such as irregular bleeding or spotting
Increased risk of
ectopic pregnancy with IUD use
Severe liver disease
Known or suspected pregnancy
Unexplained vaginal bleeding
History of breast cancer or other hormone-sensitive cancers
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease
As an emergency contraceptive, it reduces the risk of pregnancy by 89% if taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse.
Levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs have a failure rate of less than 1% per year, making them one of the most effective forms of contraception available.
Treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)
Management of endometriosis-related pain
Prevention of endometrial hyperplasia during estrogen replacement therapy
The importance of following the prescribed dosage and timing, especially for emergency contraception
The potential for side effects and when to seek medical advice
The need for regular follow-up appointments when using a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD
Alternative contraceptive options if levonorgestrel is not suitable
