Gynecological surgeries are performed to treat a wide range of conditions. Common procedures include hysterectomy, which involves the removal of the uterus, and oophorectomy, the removal of one or both ovaries. Other surgeries include laparoscopy for diagnostic purposes or to treat conditions like endometriosis, and myomectomy for the removal of uterine fibroids. Each procedure has specific indications and is chosen based on the patient's condition and overall health.