Primary dysmenorrhea refers to the recurrent, painful menstrual cramps that occur in the absence of any identifiable pelvic pathology. It is one of the most common gynecological complaints among menstruating women, particularly adolescents and young adults. Unlike secondary dysmenorrhea, which is associated with underlying conditions such as [endometriosis]( ) or [uterine fibroids]( ), primary dysmenorrhea is considered a functional disorder.
