The Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption (FTA-ABS) test is a specialized blood test used to detect antibodies against Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis. This test is often utilized as a confirmatory test after a positive result from a non-treponemal test, such as the RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) or VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test.