Clinical trials, particularly those investigating new treatments, typically go through four phases:
Phase I: Tests the safety and dosage of a treatment in a small group of healthy volunteers or patients. Phase II: Explores the treatment's efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients. Phase III: Confirms efficacy, monitors side effects, and compares the treatment to standard therapies in a large patient population. Phase IV: Conducted after the treatment is marketed to gather additional information on its risks, benefits, and optimal use.
