Source of Cells One of the biggest challenges in tissue engineering is obtaining an adequate source of cells. Autologous cells (from the same patient) are ideal but not always available. Researchers are investigating the potential of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, which can differentiate into the necessary cell types.
Scaffold Design The scaffold must be biocompatible, biodegradable, and have the proper mechanical properties to support tissue growth. Innovations in 3D printing and biomaterials are aiding in the development of more effective scaffolds.
Immune Response Ensuring that the engineered tissue does not elicit an adverse immune response is crucial for the success of the implant. Researchers are working on ways to make scaffolds and cells more biocompatible to minimize the risk of rejection.
