Multimodal anesthesia typically involves a combination of the following:
Regional anesthesia: Techniques such as epidurals, spinal blocks, and peripheral nerve blocks can provide targeted pain relief. Non-opioid analgesics: Medications like acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often used to reduce the need for opioids. Opioids: While minimized, opioids may still be used for breakthrough pain. Adjuvant medications: Drugs such as gabapentin, pregabalin, and ketamine can enhance pain control and reduce opioid requirements. Local anesthetics: Infiltration of surgical sites with local anesthetics can provide prolonged pain relief.
