The causes of IUGR can be categorized into maternal, placental, and fetal factors:
Maternal factors: Conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, malnutrition, and substance abuse (like smoking or drug use) can contribute to IUGR. Placental factors: Issues with the placenta, such as placental insufficiency or abnormalities in placental blood flow, can limit the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Fetal factors: Genetic conditions and infections (such as TORCH infections) can directly affect fetal growth.
