How Does the Pituitary Gland Affect the Menstrual Cycle?
The menstrual cycle is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones, many of which are controlled by the pituitary gland. The cycle begins with the secretion of FSH, which stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles. As these follicles mature, they produce estrogen, which leads to a surge in LH. This LH surge triggers ovulationâthe release of an egg from the ovary. After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms and produces progesterone, which prepares the uterus for a potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels drop, leading to menstruation.
