Drug resistance develops through various mechanisms, including:
1. Genetic Mutations: Random mutations in the genetic material of pathogens can make them less susceptible to drugs. 2. Horizontal Gene Transfer: Bacteria can acquire resistance genes from other bacteria through processes like conjugation, transformation, or transduction. 3. Overuse and Misuse of Antibiotics: Inappropriate prescribing and overuse of antibiotics promote the development of resistant strains.
