How do hormonal changes affect gastrointestinal function?
Hormonal fluctuations, particularly of estrogen and progesterone, can significantly impact gastrointestinal motility and function. For example, increased levels of progesterone during the menstrual cycle or pregnancy can lead to slower gastric emptying and constipation. Conversely, some women experience diarrhea during their menstrual period due to prostaglandin release.
