What is a Vaginal Yeast Infection?
A vaginal yeast infection, also known as _candidiasis_, is caused by an overgrowth of the _fungus Candida_. This fungus is normally present in small amounts in the vagina but can multiply when the balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina is disrupted.
What are the Symptoms?
Common symptoms include _itching_, _burning_, and _irritation_ in the vaginal area. Other signs include _thick, white discharge_ that resembles cottage cheese, _redness_, and _swelling_ of the vulva, and _pain during intercourse_ or urination.
How is it Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is typically made through a _pelvic exam_ and a laboratory test of a vaginal swab. Your healthcare provider will examine the vaginal walls and cervix and may take a sample of vaginal discharge to check for the presence of _Candida_.
What Causes Vaginal Yeast Infections?
Several factors can contribute to the development of a yeast infection, including:
- _Antibiotic use_, which can kill beneficial bacteria that keep yeast in check
- _Hormonal changes_ during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause
- _Uncontrolled diabetes_
- _Weak immune system_
- Wearing _tight or non-breathable clothing_
How is it Treated?
Treatment typically involves _antifungal medications_, which can be applied topically or taken orally. Over-the-counter treatments include _creams_, _ointments_, and _suppositories_. For more severe or recurrent infections, a healthcare provider may prescribe stronger medications or a longer course of treatment.
Can Yeast Infections be Prevented?
Preventative measures include:
- Wearing _cotton underwear_ and avoiding tight-fitting clothing
- Maintaining good _hygiene_ and keeping the genital area dry
- Avoiding _douches_ and scented feminine products
- Eating a _balanced diet_ and managing blood sugar levels if diabetic
When Should You See a Doctor?
It's important to consult a healthcare provider if:
- You experience symptoms for the first time
- Symptoms persist despite treatment
- You have recurring infections (four or more a year)
- You are pregnant or have a weakened immune system
Can Men Get Yeast Infections?
Yes, men can develop yeast infections, typically on the _penis_ or in the _mouth_ (oral thrush). Sexual transmission is rare, but possible, hence both partners should be treated to prevent reinfection.
Is it Contagious?
Vaginal yeast infections are not considered _sexually transmitted infections_ (STIs), but the yeast can be passed between sexual partners. Using _protection_ during intercourse and both partners receiving treatment can help prevent passing the infection back and forth.
Are Home Remedies Effective?
While some women find relief using _home remedies_ like _yogurt_, _garlic_, or _tea tree oil_, these are not scientifically proven and may not be effective for everyone. Consulting a healthcare provider is always the best course of action.
What are the Complications?
Complications are rare but may include _chronic infections_, _skin fissures_, or _ulcers_. In women with weakened immune systems, the infection can spread to other parts of the body.
