What are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids, also known as
leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years. They are composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue. These growths can vary in size, from tiny, undetectable nodules to large masses that can distort and enlarge the uterus.
What Causes Uterine Fibroids?
The exact cause of uterine fibroids is unknown, but several factors may contribute to their development. These include genetic alterations, hormonal changes, and growth factors. Estrogen and progesterone, hormones that stimulate the development of the uterine lining during each menstrual cycle, seem to promote the growth of fibroids.
What Are the Symptoms?
Many women with fibroids experience no symptoms and may not even know they have them. When symptoms are present, they can include:
Heavy menstrual bleeding
Prolonged menstrual periods
Pelvic pain or pressure
Frequent urination
Difficulty emptying the bladder
Constipation
Backache or leg pains
How Are Uterine Fibroids Diagnosed?
Fibroids are often found incidentally during a pelvic exam or prenatal ultrasound. To confirm the diagnosis and determine the size and location of fibroids, imaging tests such as
ultrasound or MRI may be required. Other diagnostic procedures include hysterosonography, hysterosalpingography, and hysteroscopy.
Are Uterine Fibroids Cancerous?
Uterine fibroids are almost always benign (non-cancerous). Rarely, a cancerous fibroid (leiomyosarcoma) can develop. However, this is extremely rare. Having fibroids does not increase the risk of developing a cancerous fibroid.
Medications
Medications can help manage symptoms, but they do not eliminate fibroids. These include:
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists
Progestin-releasing intrauterine device (IUD)
Tranexamic acid
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Minimally Invasive Procedures
Minimally invasive procedures can destroy fibroids without removing them. These include:
Uterine artery embolization (UAE)
Radiofrequency ablation
Myolysis
Endometrial ablation
Surgical Options
Surgery may be necessary if fibroids are large, symptomatic, or affect fertility. Surgical options include:
Myomectomy
Hysterectomy
Can Lifestyle Changes Help?
While lifestyle changes cannot eliminate fibroids, maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and managing stress can improve overall health and may help manage symptoms. Regular exercise and avoiding alcohol and caffeine may also be beneficial.
What Are the Complications?
Although fibroids are generally not dangerous, they can cause significant discomfort and may lead to complications such as severe anemia from heavy blood loss. Fibroids can also cause complications during pregnancy, including fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and the need for a cesarean section.
Can Fibroids Affect Fertility?
Fibroids can sometimes interfere with fertility by blocking the fallopian tubes or distorting the shape of the uterus. However, many women with fibroids can conceive and carry a pregnancy to term. If fibroids are suspected to be a cause of infertility, a specialist may recommend treatment to improve the chances of conception.
Conclusion
Uterine fibroids are a common gynecological condition that can affect women's health and quality of life. Understanding the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment options is essential for managing this condition effectively. If you suspect you have fibroids or are experiencing symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and personalized treatment plan.
