What are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine fibroids, also known as
leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop from the muscle tissue of the uterus. These growths can vary in size, from very small (almost undetectable) to large masses that can distort the uterus.
What are the Symptoms?
Many women with uterine fibroids experience no symptoms at all. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include:
Heavy menstrual bleeding
Prolonged periods
Pelvic pain or pressure
Frequent urination
Difficulty emptying the bladder
Constipation
Backache or leg pains
Genetic changes
Hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
Growth factors (substances that help maintain tissues)
How are Uterine Fibroids Diagnosed?
Uterine fibroids are often found during a routine pelvic exam. To confirm the diagnosis and get more detailed information, a doctor may recommend:
Ultrasound Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Hysterosonography (ultrasound with saline)
Hysteroscopy
Laparoscopy
What are the Treatment Options?
Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on the severity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and the patient's desire to maintain fertility. Options include:
Medications to regulate hormones or relieve symptoms
Non-invasive procedures like MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery (FUS)
Minimally invasive procedures such as uterine artery embolization (UAE) or laparoscopic myomectomy
Traditional surgical procedures like abdominal myomectomy or hysterectomy
Can Uterine Fibroids Affect Fertility?
While many women with fibroids do not experience fertility problems, fibroids can sometimes interfere with fertility and pregnancy. This depends on their size and location. Submucosal fibroids, which grow into the uterine cavity, are more likely to cause reproductive issues compared to other types.
Severe pain
Anemia from heavy bleeding
Pregnancy complications like preterm birth
Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
Pelvic pain that doesn’t go away
Difficulty emptying your bladder
Unexplained low red blood cell count (anemia)
