What is a Screening Mammogram?
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screening mammogram is an X-ray examination of the breast, typically used to detect early signs of breast cancer in asymptomatic women. It involves taking two X-ray images of each breast from different angles to identify any abnormalities or changes in breast tissue that may not be palpable during a clinical breast exam.
Why are Screening Mammograms Important?
Screening mammograms are crucial for the early detection of breast cancer. Early detection often means that the cancer is found at a more treatable stage, which can significantly improve
prognosis and survival rates. Mammograms can detect tumors that are too small to be felt and can also find
microcalcifications that sometimes indicate the presence of breast cancer.
Who Should Get a Screening Mammogram?
Current guidelines generally recommend that women with an average risk of breast cancer start getting screening mammograms at age 40 and continue annually or biennially. Women at higher risk, such as those with a family history of breast cancer or genetic predispositions like BRCA mutations, may need to start screening earlier and possibly more frequently. It's essential to discuss your risk factors with your
gynecologist to determine the most appropriate screening schedule for you.
How is a Screening Mammogram Performed?
During a screening mammogram, the patient will stand in front of a special X-ray machine. The technologist will place one breast on the machine's plate, and another plate will firmly press the breast from above. This compression is necessary to spread out the breast tissue for a clearer image and is repeated for the side view. The process is then repeated for the other breast. While some discomfort is normal, it is typically brief.
False Positives: Sometimes, the mammogram may suggest that cancer is present when it is not, leading to additional testing and anxiety.
False Negatives: Mammograms can miss some cancers, particularly in women with dense breast tissue.
Radiation Exposure: Mammograms involve exposure to low levels of radiation. However, the benefits of early cancer detection generally outweigh these risks.
What Happens After the Mammogram?
After the mammogram, the images are reviewed by a radiologist who specializes in interpreting breast images. If the radiologist spots any abnormalities, additional imaging tests such as diagnostic mammograms,
ultrasounds, or even a biopsy may be recommended to gather more information.
What if an Abnormality is Found?
Finding an abnormality on a screening mammogram does not automatically mean you have breast cancer. Often, additional tests will show that the abnormality is benign. However, if further tests confirm the presence of cancer, your gynecologist and a breast specialist will discuss the next steps, which may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or other treatments.
Schedule the test for a time when your breasts are least likely to be tender, usually one week after your menstrual period.
Avoid using deodorants, antiperspirants, lotions, or powders under your arms or on your breasts on the day of the exam, as these can appear on the X-ray as white spots.
Inform the technologist if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have breast implants.
Conclusion
Screening mammograms are a vital tool in the early detection and treatment of breast cancer. Regular screening, tailored to your individual risk factors, can help you maintain breast health and catch cancer at a more treatable stage. Always consult with your gynecologist to determine the best screening schedule for you and to address any concerns you may have about the process.
