Premature rupture of membranes
Excessive amniotic fluid (polyhydramnios)
Multiple gestations (twins or more)
Abnormal fetal presentation, such as breech
Long umbilical cord
Small or premature baby
Symptoms and Diagnosis
The primary
symptom of a prolapsed umbilical cord is sudden, severe fetal distress. This is typically identified by an abnormal fetal heart rate, which can be detected via a fetal monitor. In some cases, the cord may be visible or palpable in the vagina.
Diagnosis
A prolapsed umbilical cord can be diagnosed through a physical examination and confirmed with an ultrasound. If the cord is detected during a routine pelvic exam, immediate action is necessary to prevent complications. Repositioning the mother to relieve pressure on the cord, often by placing her in a knee-chest position
Manual elevation of the presenting part to reduce cord compression
Emergency Cesarean section, which is often the safest and quickest option to deliver the baby
Administration of oxygen to the mother to maximize oxygen delivery to the fetus
Hypoxia (lack of oxygen) leading to fetal brain damage
Fetal death
Emergency surgical delivery complications
Prevention
While it is not always possible to prevent a prolapsed umbilical cord, certain measures can reduce the risk. These include careful monitoring of
high-risk pregnancies, managing polyhydramnios, and scheduling a planned Cesarean section for abnormal presentations or multiple gestations.
Conclusion
A prolapsed umbilical cord is a medical emergency requiring swift and effective intervention. Understanding the risk factors, prompt diagnosis, and immediate treatment are essential for the safety of both the mother and the baby.
