Menstrual concerns - Gynecology

What is a Normal Menstrual Cycle?

A normal menstrual cycle typically lasts between 21 and 35 days. The menstrual flow itself usually lasts between 2 to 7 days. Variations are common, but significant changes can indicate underlying issues.

What Causes Irregular Periods?

Irregular periods can be caused by a variety of factors including stress, significant weight loss or gain, excessive exercise, and hormonal imbalances such as those seen in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Thyroid disorders and perimenopause are also common causes.

When Should I See a Doctor?

It’s advisable to consult a gynecologist if you experience any of the following:

Periods that are consistently irregular
Skipped periods for more than three months (if not pregnant)
Heavy bleeding requiring frequent pad or tampon changes
Severe pain during menstruation
Any bleeding after menopause

What is Dysmenorrhea?

Dysmenorrhea refers to painful periods and is categorized into two types: primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea is common and usually starts soon after a woman begins menstruating. Secondary dysmenorrhea is due to reproductive system disorders like endometriosis or fibroids.

How is Dysmenorrhea Treated?

Treatment options for dysmenorrhea include NSAIDs like ibuprofen, hormonal birth control, and lifestyle changes such as exercise and dietary modifications. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to address underlying issues.

What is Amenorrhea?

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation. It can be classified as primary (when a woman has not started menstruating by age 16) or secondary (when a woman who has had normal periods stops menstruating for three or more months). Causes include hormonal imbalances, excessive exercise, and chronic illness.

Can Birth Control Help Regulate My Periods?

Yes, hormonal birth control methods such as the pill, patch, or intrauterine device (IUD) can help regulate menstrual cycles. These methods work by stabilizing the hormonal fluctuations that cause irregular or heavy periods.

What is Menorrhagia?

Menorrhagia is the medical term for heavy menstrual bleeding. It’s defined as losing more than 80 ml of blood per menstrual cycle or having periods that last longer than 7 days. Causes can include hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids, and certain medications.

How is Menorrhagia Treated?

Treatment for menorrhagia may involve hormonal therapies, NSAIDs, and in some cases, surgical interventions like a Dilation and Curettage (D&C) or hysterectomy.

What is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)?

PMS encompasses a variety of symptoms that occur one to two weeks before menstruation. Symptoms can include mood swings, bloating, breast tenderness, and fatigue. Severe cases of PMS may be diagnosed as Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD).

How is PMS Managed?

Management of PMS can involve lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise and a balanced diet, as well as medications like NSAIDs or hormonal birth control. In severe cases, antidepressants may be prescribed.

What Should I Do if I Suspect I Have a Menstrual Disorder?

If you suspect you have a menstrual disorder, it's important to consult with a gynecologist. They can conduct a thorough medical history and perform diagnostic tests to identify any underlying conditions. Early intervention can significantly improve your quality of life and reproductive health.