Mefenamic Acid - Gynecology

What is Mefenamic Acid?

Mefenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to treat mild to moderate pain, including menstrual pain or dysmenorrhea. It works by reducing the production of hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body.

How Does Mefenamic Acid Work?

Mefenamic acid inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins. These compounds contribute to pain, inflammation, and fever. By blocking these enzymes, mefenamic acid reduces the levels of prostaglandins, thereby alleviating pain and inflammation.

When is Mefenamic Acid Prescribed in Gynecology?

Mefenamic acid is frequently prescribed for conditions such as:

Primary dysmenorrhea: Painful menstrual cramps in women with no underlying health issues.
Menorrhagia: Heavy menstrual bleeding.
Postoperative pain: Pain following gynecological surgeries.
Endometriosis: A condition where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside it.

How Should Mefenamic Acid Be Taken?

Mefenamic acid is usually taken orally with a glass of water. It is often recommended to take it with food to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. The dosage and duration of treatment will depend on the specific condition being treated and the patient’s response to the medication.

What Are the Common Side Effects?

Common side effects of mefenamic acid include:

Gastrointestinal issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
Headache
Dizziness
Rash

Most side effects are mild and resolve on their own. However, if they persist or worsen, it is important to consult a healthcare provider.

What Are the Serious Side Effects?

Though rare, serious side effects can occur and may include:

Cardiovascular events: Increased risk of heart attack and stroke.
Gastrointestinal bleeding: Ulcers, bleeding, or perforation of the stomach or intestines.
Renal impairment: Reduced kidney function, especially in people with pre-existing kidney conditions.
Hypersensitivity reactions: Severe allergic reactions including anaphylaxis.

If any serious side effects are experienced, immediate medical attention is required.

Who Should Not Take Mefenamic Acid?

Mefenamic acid is contraindicated in individuals who:

Have a history of allergies to NSAIDs or aspirin.
Have active gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding.
Have severe renal or hepatic impairment.
Are in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Can Mefenamic Acid Interact with Other Medications?

Yes, mefenamic acid can interact with other medications, potentially altering their effects. Some of these interactions include:

Anticoagulants: Increased risk of bleeding.
Diuretics: Reduced effectiveness of diuretics.
Antihypertensives: Reduced effectiveness of blood pressure-lowering drugs.
Lithium: Increased blood levels of lithium, leading to toxicity.

It is important to inform the healthcare provider of all medications being taken to avoid potential interactions.

Conclusion

Mefenamic acid is a valuable medication in the field of gynecology, particularly for the management of menstrual pain and other gynecological conditions. While it is generally safe and effective, it is crucial to use it under the guidance of a healthcare provider to minimize risks and maximize benefits.

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