What is Irregular Menstrual Bleeding?
Irregular menstrual bleeding, also known as abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), refers to any variation from the normal menstrual cycle. This can include bleeding that is heavier or lighter than usual, bleeding between periods, or cycles that are shorter or longer than the typical 21 to 35 days.
Hormonal Imbalances: Estrogen and progesterone levels can fluctuate, causing irregularities.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A condition characterized by infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods.
Uterine Fibroids: Noncancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy bleeding.
Endometriosis: A painful disorder where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus.
Thyroid Disorders: Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can affect menstrual cycles.
Medications: Certain drugs, particularly hormonal contraceptives, can influence menstrual bleeding.
How is it Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of irregular menstrual bleeding typically begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Further diagnostic tests may include:
Pelvic Ultrasound: To visualize the uterus, ovaries, and other pelvic organs.
Blood Tests: To check hormone levels, thyroid function, and other relevant factors.
Endometrial Biopsy: To sample and examine the lining of the uterus for abnormalities.
Hysteroscopy: A procedure that uses a camera to look inside the uterus.
What are the Treatment Options?
Treatment for irregular menstrual bleeding depends on the underlying cause, the severity of the symptoms, and the patient's overall health and preferences. Options may include:
Bleeding between periods
Periods that last longer than seven days
Heavy bleeding that requires changing pads or tampons every hour
Severe pain during periods
Any bleeding after menopause
Can Irregular Menstrual Bleeding Affect Fertility?
Yes, irregular menstrual bleeding can impact fertility, particularly if it is due to conditions like PCOS or endometriosis. These conditions can interfere with ovulation, making it more difficult to conceive. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing these issues and improving fertility outcomes.
Is it Preventable?
While not all cases of irregular menstrual bleeding can be prevented, certain lifestyle choices can help mitigate the risk. Maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, and following a balanced diet can support hormonal balance and overall reproductive health.
