What is Infertility?
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. For women over 35, this period is reduced to six months. It affects both men and women and can result from a variety of factors.
When to Seek Help?
Couples should seek help if they have been trying to conceive for over a year without success. Women over 35 should consult a specialist after six months of trying. Immediate evaluation is recommended for women with
irregular menstrual cycles, known reproductive issues, or a history of pelvic infections.
Initial Evaluation
The initial evaluation includes a thorough medical history and physical examination. Key aspects include menstrual history, sexual history, past medical and surgical history, and any
previous pregnancies or miscarriages.
Basic Investigations
Several basic tests help in evaluating infertility: Ovulation Assessment: This includes tracking basal body temperature, ovulation predictor kits, and serum progesterone levels.
Semen Analysis: This test evaluates the quantity and quality of sperm.
Tubal Patency: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a radiology procedure to check the fallopian tubes' patency.
Ovarian Reserve Testing: This includes measuring follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol levels, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH).
Advanced Investigations
Further tests may be necessary based on initial evaluation results: Transvaginal Ultrasound: To assess the ovaries and uterus for any abnormalities.
Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive surgery to diagnose and treat conditions like endometriosis or pelvic adhesions.
Hysteroscopy: A procedure to examine the inside of the uterus for polyps, fibroids, or other abnormalities.
Genetic Testing: To identify any genetic causes of infertility.
Common Causes of Infertility
Some of the common causes of infertility in women include: Ovulatory Disorders: Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothalamic dysfunction.
Tubal Blockage: Due to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or previous surgeries.
Uterine Anomalies: Such as fibroids, polyps, or congenital abnormalities.
Endometriosis: A condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the underlying cause of infertility:Emotional and Psychological Support
Infertility can be emotionally challenging. Couples are encouraged to seek
counseling and join support groups to cope with stress and emotional strain.
Conclusion
Infertility evaluation is a comprehensive process that involves identifying the root cause and providing appropriate treatment. Early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach can significantly improve the chances of conception.
