What is Hysterosalpingography?
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a radiologic procedure used primarily to investigate the shape of the uterine cavity and the patency of the fallopian tubes. It involves the introduction of a contrast medium into the uterine cavity through the cervix, followed by X-ray imaging. This procedure provides essential information about the reproductive organs, particularly in the context of
infertility assessments.
Evaluation of
infertility in women who have been unable to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse.
Assessment of the uterine cavity in cases of recurrent
miscarriage.
Investigation of abnormal
uterine bleeding.
Assessment of the fallopian tubes for patency or blockages, which can impact fertility.
Postoperative evaluation following tubal surgery or sterilization reversal.
The patient is positioned on an X-ray table, and a speculum is inserted into the vagina to visualize the cervix.
A catheter is inserted through the cervix into the uterine cavity.
Contrast medium is slowly injected through the catheter, filling the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes.
X-ray images are taken in various positions to capture detailed views of the reproductive organs.
Once the imaging is complete, the catheter and speculum are removed.
Detailed imaging of the uterine cavity and
fallopian tubes, helping to identify abnormalities such as polyps, fibroids, or adhesions.
Assessment of tubal patency, which is crucial for determining the cause of infertility.
Guidance for further diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, such as
laparoscopy or hysteroscopy.
Non-invasive compared to surgical diagnostic methods.
Allergic reaction to the contrast medium.
Infection, particularly if there is pre-existing pelvic inflammatory disease.
Uterine or tubal perforation, although this is rare.
Temporary pelvic discomfort or cramping during and after the procedure.
What Should Patients Expect During Recovery?
After the procedure, patients may experience mild cramping or spotting, which usually resolves within a day or two. It is advisable to avoid strenuous activities and
sexual intercourse for 24-48 hours to reduce the risk of infection. If severe pain, fever, or heavy bleeding occurs, patients should contact their healthcare provider immediately.
Conclusion
Hysterosalpingography is a valuable diagnostic tool in gynecology, particularly for evaluating infertility and uterine abnormalities. By providing detailed images of the reproductive organs, it helps guide appropriate treatment plans and improve the chances of successful conception. Patients should discuss the procedure, its benefits, and potential risks with their healthcare provider to make an informed decision.
