How Does It Work?
The hormonal IUD works primarily by thickening the cervical mucus, which blocks sperm from reaching and fertilizing an egg. It also thins the uterine lining, making it less suitable for a fertilized egg to implant. Additionally, it can inhibit ovulation in some women.
Effectiveness
Hormonal IUDs are among the most effective forms of
birth control, with a failure rate of less than 1%. This means fewer than 1 out of 100 women using a hormonal IUD will become pregnant each year.
Who Can Use It?
Most women can use a hormonal IUD, including those who have never had children. It's suitable for women who want long-term contraception (3-7 years, depending on the brand) but also for those who may want to become pregnant in the near future, as fertility typically returns quickly after removal.
Benefits
-
Long-term contraception without daily attention.
- Can make periods lighter and less painful, and sometimes stop them altogether.
- May reduce the risk of
endometrial cancer.
- Immediate return to fertility after removal.
Side Effects
While hormonal IUDs are generally well-tolerated, some women may experience side effects such as:
- Irregular bleeding in the first 3-6 months.
-
Hormonal side effects like headaches, breast tenderness, or mood changes.
- Risk of IUD expulsion or perforation of the uterus (rare).
Procedure
Insertion of a hormonal IUD is a quick procedure usually performed in a healthcare provider’s office. It involves a pelvic exam, insertion of a speculum, and placement of the IUD through the cervix into the uterus. Some women may experience cramping or discomfort during and after the procedure.Who Should Avoid It?
Hormonal IUDs are not recommended for women with certain conditions, including:
- Current pelvic infections.
- Unexplained vaginal bleeding.
- History of
breast cancer sensitive to hormones.
- Severe liver disease.
Maintenance and Follow-Up
Once inserted, the hormonal IUD requires minimal maintenance. Women should check the strings of the IUD monthly to ensure it is in place. A follow-up appointment is usually recommended a few weeks after insertion to check for any complications.Cost and Insurance
The cost of a hormonal IUD can vary widely, but it is often covered by insurance under the Affordable Care Act in the United States. Without insurance, the cost can range from $500 to $1,000, including the device and insertion procedure.Conclusion
A hormonal IUD is a highly effective, long-term, and low-maintenance birth control option with added benefits such as reduced menstrual bleeding and pain. It is suitable for many women but requires a healthcare provider for insertion and removal. Always consult with a healthcare provider to determine if a hormonal IUD is the right choice for you.
