Hormonal and LARC methods - Gynecology

What are Hormonal Methods?

Hormonal methods of contraception involve the use of synthetic hormones to prevent pregnancy. These hormones can be administered in various forms such as oral pills, patches, injections, or vaginal rings. The primary hormones used are estrogen and progesterone, which work by inhibiting ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and thinning the uterine lining.

What are the types of Hormonal Contraceptives?

Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs): These are daily pills containing estrogen and progestin. They require strict adherence to a daily schedule.
Contraceptive Patch: This is a skin patch that releases hormones transdermally. One patch is worn for a week and replaced weekly.
Contraceptive Injection: An injection of progestin given every three months.
Vaginal Ring: A flexible ring inserted into the vagina that releases hormones. It is worn for three weeks and removed for one week.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Hormonal Methods?

Hormonal contraceptives are highly effective when used correctly. They can also regulate menstrual cycles, reduce menstrual cramps, and improve acne. However, they may have side effects like nausea, weight gain, mood changes, and an increased risk of blood clots, particularly in smokers and women over 35.

What are LARC Methods?

Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) methods provide prolonged contraception and are reversible. They include intrauterine devices (IUDs) and subdermal implants. LARC methods are highly effective, with a failure rate of less than 1%.

What are the types of LARC?

Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): Small T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus. There are two types: Copper IUDs (non-hormonal) and Hormonal IUDs that release progestin.
Subdermal Implants: A small rod inserted under the skin of the upper arm, releasing progestin over three years.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of LARC Methods?

LARC methods offer long-term contraception without the need for daily attention. They are highly effective and reversible, making them an excellent choice for women not planning to conceive soon. However, insertion and removal require a healthcare provider, and there may be initial discomfort or irregular bleeding.

Who should consider Hormonal and LARC Methods?

Hormonal methods are suitable for women who can adhere to a daily or weekly regimen and are looking for additional benefits like menstrual regulation. LARC methods are ideal for women seeking long-term, low-maintenance contraception. Both methods should be discussed with a healthcare provider to consider individual health factors and lifestyle.

How to decide between Hormonal and LARC Methods?

The choice between hormonal and LARC methods depends on individual preferences, medical history, and lifestyle. Women who prefer not to think about contraception daily may opt for LARC. Those who want the flexibility to stop contraception quickly might prefer hormonal methods. Consulting with a gynecologist can help in making an informed decision.

Conclusion

Both hormonal and LARC methods offer effective contraception with unique advantages and potential side effects. Understanding these methods and consulting with a gynecologist can help women make the best choice for their reproductive health needs.