Fetal Growth restrictions - Gynecology

What is Fetal Growth Restriction?

Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR), also known as Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), is a condition where a fetus is unable to achieve its genetically predetermined potential size. This can result in various complications for both the mother and the fetus, necessitating close monitoring and management by healthcare providers.

What Causes Fetal Growth Restriction?

FGR can be attributed to several factors. These include placental insufficiency, maternal health issues such as hypertension and diabetes, lifestyle factors like smoking and substance abuse, and genetic anomalies. Additionally, infections such as cytomegalovirus or toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can also contribute to FGR.

How is Fetal Growth Restriction Diagnosed?

FGR is primarily diagnosed through ultrasound examinations. Measurements such as the abdominal circumference, head circumference, and femur length are assessed to estimate fetal weight and growth patterns. Doppler studies of the umbilical artery and other vessels can provide additional information about blood flow and placental function.

What are the Risks Associated with Fetal Growth Restriction?

FGR is associated with a range of risks which include preterm birth, stillbirth, and neonatal complications such as hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and respiratory distress. Long-term risks can include developmental delays and chronic health issues. Therefore, timely diagnosis and management are crucial.

How is Fetal Growth Restriction Managed?

Management of FGR involves close monitoring of the pregnancy through frequent ultrasounds and clinical assessments. Maternal health optimization, including controlling blood pressure and blood sugar levels, is essential. In some cases, early delivery may be necessary, and the decision is usually based on the severity of growth restriction and the gestational age of the fetus. Steroids may be administered to accelerate fetal lung maturity if preterm delivery is anticipated.

What are the Preventive Measures for Fetal Growth Restriction?

Preventive measures for FGR include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, proper prenatal care, managing pre-existing maternal conditions, and avoiding harmful substances such as tobacco and alcohol. Regular prenatal visits allow for early identification and management of potential risk factors.

When to Seek Medical Advice?

Expectant mothers should seek medical advice if they notice a decrease in fetal movements, experience severe abdominal pain, or have any other concerns during pregnancy. Regular prenatal check-ups are essential to monitor fetal growth and overall pregnancy health.

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Longitudinal relations of prematurity and fetal growth restrictions with hyperactivity/inattention and aggression/delinquency.

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