Previous ectopic pregnancies
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Previous pelvic or abdominal surgery
Smoking
Advanced maternal age
Abdominal or pelvic pain
Vaginal bleeding
Shoulder pain
Dizziness or fainting
Medical Management
Medical management often involves the administration of
methotrexate, a medication that stops the growth of the pregnancy tissue. This option is suitable for patients who are hemodynamically stable and have no contraindications to methotrexate.
Surgical Management
Surgical intervention is required in cases where the ectopic pregnancy has ruptured or if medical management is not suitable. Options include:
Laparoscopy – a minimally invasive procedure to remove the ectopic pregnancy
Laparotomy – an open surgical procedure, typically reserved for emergencies
Rupture of the fallopian tube
Internal bleeding
Shock
Infertility
How is Follow-Up Care Managed?
After treatment, follow-up care is crucial to ensure that hCG levels return to zero, indicating that the ectopic tissue has been fully resolved. Patients should also be counseled on the risk of recurrence and may be advised on future fertility planning.
Practicing safe sex to reduce the risk of pelvic infections
Quitting smoking
Regular medical check-ups, especially if there is a history of ectopic pregnancy or pelvic surgery
