- Barrier Methods: These include condoms (both male and female), diaphragms, and cervical caps. They physically block sperm from reaching the egg.
- Hormonal Methods: These methods, such as birth control pills, patches, injections, and vaginal rings, regulate or stop ovulation using hormones.
- Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): There are two types of IUDs: copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs. They are inserted into the uterus and can prevent pregnancy for several years.
- Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs): These include IUDs and contraceptive implants, which are effective for an extended period without user intervention.
- Permanent Methods: These are surgical procedures such as tubal ligation for women and vasectomy for men, intended to provide permanent contraception.
- Natural Methods: These include fertility awareness methods, withdrawal, and lactational amenorrhea method (LAM).
- Barrier Methods: Condoms are about 85% effective with typical use.
- Hormonal Methods: Birth control pills, patches, and rings are about 91% effective with typical use. Injections are about 94% effective.
- IUDs and Implants: These are over 99% effective.
- Permanent Methods: Tubal ligation and vasectomy are over 99% effective.
- Natural Methods: These vary in effectiveness but typically range from 70% to 88% with typical use.
- Barrier Methods: Generally, these have minimal side effects, though some people may experience latex allergies or irritation.
- Hormonal Methods: Potential side effects include weight gain, mood changes, nausea, and increased risk of blood clots.
- IUDs: Hormonal IUDs may cause irregular bleeding, while copper IUDs can lead to heavier periods and cramping.
- Implants: Possible side effects include irregular bleeding and mood changes.
- Permanent Methods: Surgical risks and complications can occur, though they are rare.
- Health Conditions: Certain health conditions may make some contraceptives more suitable than others. For example, women with a history of blood clots may want to avoid hormonal methods.
- Lifestyle: Consider how a method fits into your daily life. For example, if you tend to forget to take pills regularly, a long-acting method like an IUD might be better.
- Side Effects: Be aware of potential side effects and discuss them with your healthcare provider.
- Effectiveness: Consider how important it is for you to prevent pregnancy and choose a method that matches your needs.
- Future Plans: If you plan to have children in the near future, you might prefer a method that is easily reversible.
- Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs): These pills can be taken up to 72 hours after unprotected sex, though some types are effective up to 5 days.
- Copper IUD: Inserting a copper IUD within 5 days of unprotected sex can prevent pregnancy.
- Healthcare Providers: Gynecologists, family doctors, and clinics can provide prescriptions and insert devices like IUDs.
- Pharmacies: Some contraceptives, like condoms and emergency contraceptive pills, can be purchased over the counter.
- Family Planning Clinics: These clinics often provide a range of contraceptive options and counseling.
- Your Health History: Any medical conditions, allergies, or medications you're taking.
- Lifestyle and Preferences: Your daily routine, comfort with different methods, and any preferences or concerns you have.
- Side Effects: Potential side effects and how they may affect you.
- Future Plans: Whether you plan to have children in the near future or if you're looking for a long-term solution.
By discussing these aspects, you and your gynecologist can find the most suitable contraceptive method for your needs.
