Pelvic Examination
A
pelvic examination is a fundamental assessment tool in gynecology. It involves a physical examination of the female reproductive organs, including the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. This assessment helps in diagnosing conditions such as
cervical dysplasia,
ovarian cysts, and
uterine fibroids.
Pap Smear
The
Pap smear, or Pap test, is a procedure used to screen for cervical cancer. During this test, cells from the cervix are gently scraped away and examined for abnormalities. It is crucial for the early detection of
HPV (human papillomavirus) and other malignancies.
Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy is a procedure where a small, lighted telescope called a hysteroscope is inserted into the uterus through the cervix. This tool allows for direct visualization of the uterine cavity and is used to diagnose and treat uterine abnormalities such as
polyps and
fibroids.
Colposcopy
Colposcopy is a procedure to closely examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of disease. It is often recommended if a Pap smear results are abnormal. The colposcope magnifies the area, allowing the gynecologist to identify abnormal cells for biopsy.
Blood Tests
Blood tests are essential for assessing various aspects of reproductive health. These tests can measure hormone levels, such as estrogen, progesterone, and
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), which are critical in diagnosing conditions like
polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and
menopause.
Urine Tests
Urine tests can be used to diagnose urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pregnancy. They can also help assess kidney function and identify other metabolic or systemic conditions.
Mammography
Mammography is an X-ray imaging method used to examine the breast for any abnormalities. It is a crucial screening tool for the early detection of
breast cancer. Women are often advised to start regular mammograms at age 40 or earlier if they have a family history of breast cancer.
Bone Density Test
A
bone density test, or DEXA scan, measures bone strength and density. It is particularly important for postmenopausal women who are at a higher risk of
osteoporosis. This test helps in assessing fracture risk and the need for treatment to strengthen bones.
Endometrial Biopsy
An
endometrial biopsy involves taking a small tissue sample from the lining of the uterus. This test is used to diagnose causes of abnormal uterine bleeding, such as endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial cancer.
Saline Infusion Sonography (SIS)
Saline infusion sonography (SIS) is an advanced ultrasound technique that involves filling the uterine cavity with saline to provide a clearer image of the uterine lining. It is useful for diagnosing abnormalities like polyps, fibroids, and uterine malformations.
