What is Amnioinfusion?
Amnioinfusion is a
medical procedure in which a sterile fluid is introduced into the amniotic sac. This procedure is often performed during labor through a catheter that is inserted into the uterus via the cervix. The primary goal is to replace or supplement the amniotic fluid to address various complications.
Indications for Amnioinfusion
There are several
indications for performing an amnioinfusion:
Oligohydramnios: Low amniotic fluid levels which can compromise fetal well-being.
Meconium-stained amniotic fluid: To dilute thick meconium and reduce the risk of meconium aspiration syndrome.
Variable
decelerations in fetal heart rate: Often caused by umbilical cord compression, amnioinfusion can help cushion the cord.
Procedure of Amnioinfusion
Prior to the procedure, a thorough
evaluation is conducted. The patient is placed in a dorsal lithotomy position, and the cervix is visualized using a speculum. A catheter is then inserted into the amniotic sac through the cervix. Sterile saline or Ringer's lactate is infused slowly. The volume and rate of infusion are monitored closely. Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring is essential throughout the procedure to ensure
fetal well-being.
Benefits of Amnioinfusion
The main benefits of amnioinfusion include:Risks and Complications
While amnioinfusion is generally considered safe, it is not without risks. Possible complications include: Infection: Introduction of fluid can increase the risk of chorioamnionitis.
Uterine overdistension: Excessive fluid can lead to uterine atony and postpartum hemorrhage.
Premature rupture of membranes: The introduction of fluid can sometimes cause or exacerbate ruptured membranes.
Contraindications to Amnioinfusion
Amnioinfusion is not suitable for every patient. Contraindications include:Conclusion
Amnioinfusion is a valuable procedure in the management of certain obstetric complications. It can significantly improve outcomes for both the mother and the fetus when used appropriately. However, like any medical intervention, it is essential to weigh the benefits against the potential risks and to perform the procedure in a controlled setting with continuous monitoring.
