What is a Single Umbilical Artery?
A single umbilical artery (SUA) is a condition where the umbilical cord contains only one artery instead of the usual two. The umbilical cord typically consists of two arteries and one vein. In SUA, one of the arteries is absent.
How Common is SUA?
SUA occurs in approximately 0.5% to 1% of pregnancies. It is more commonly observed in multiple pregnancies and has a higher incidence rate in pregnancies involving certain risk factors such as maternal diabetes or advanced maternal age.
How is SUA Diagnosed?
SUA is often diagnosed during a routine prenatal ultrasound. The ultrasound can clearly show the number of vessels in the umbilical cord. Further diagnostic imaging, such as a detailed anatomy scan, may be recommended to evaluate for any associated anomalies.
What are the Associated Risks?
SUA can be associated with other congenital anomalies and complications. These may include:
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[Cardiac anomalies](href)-
[Renal anomalies](href)-
[Gastrointestinal defects](href)-
[Chromosomal abnormalities](href) such as
[Trisomy 18](href) or
[Trisomy 13](href)However, many babies with SUA are born healthy and without any additional complications.
What is the Impact on Pregnancy?
Pregnancies with SUA may have an increased risk of complications such as:
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[Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)](href)-
[Preterm birth](href)-
[Stillbirth](href)-
[Preeclampsia](href)It is crucial to have regular prenatal check-ups and monitoring to manage these potential risks effectively.
What Follow-Up Care is Needed?
If SUA is detected, additional follow-up tests and monitoring may be required. These can include:
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[Fetal echocardiography](href) to check for heart defects
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[Detailed anatomy ultrasound](href) to look for other anomalies
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[Non-stress tests](href) and
[biophysical profiles](href) to monitor fetal well-being
Postnatal follow-up is also essential to ensure the newborn is healthy and to address any issues that may arise.
Can SUA be Prevented?
Currently, there are no known preventative measures for SUA. The exact cause of SUA is not well understood, and it can occur in any pregnancy. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and regular prenatal care can help manage and monitor the condition effectively.
Conclusion
While a single umbilical artery can be a cause for concern, with appropriate monitoring and care, many pregnancies with SUA result in healthy outcomes. It is important to work closely with healthcare providers to ensure the best possible care for both the mother and the baby.
