Irregular or absent menstrual periods
Excess hair growth (hirsutism) on the face, chest, and back
Acne and oily skin
Weight gain and difficulty losing weight
Thinning hair or male-pattern baldness
Fertility problems
What Causes PCOS?
The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Insulin resistance, inflammation, and an imbalance in
hormones such as insulin and androgens are thought to play significant roles.
How is PCOS Diagnosed?
There is no single test to diagnose PCOS. Diagnosis is typically based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests to measure hormone levels, and an
ultrasound to examine the ovaries. The Rotterdam criteria are often used, which require two of the following three features:
Irregular or absent ovulation
Elevated androgen levels
Polycystic ovaries visible on ultrasound
Type 2 diabetes High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Heart disease
Endometrial cancer
Sleep apnea
Depression and anxiety
How is PCOS Treated?
There is no cure for PCOS, but its symptoms can be managed. Treatment options include:
Lifestyle changes: Diet, exercise, and weight loss can help improve symptoms and reduce insulin resistance.
Medications: Birth control pills can regulate menstrual cycles and reduce acne and hair growth.
Metformin can help with insulin resistance.
Fertility treatments: Medications such as clomiphene and letrozole can stimulate ovulation.
Hair removal treatments: Options include laser hair removal and electrolysis.
Maintaining a healthy diet low in refined carbohydrates and high in fiber
Regular physical activity to improve insulin sensitivity and promote weight loss
Stress management techniques such as yoga and meditation
Is PCOS a Lifelong Condition?
PCOS is a chronic condition that requires long-term management. Symptoms may change over time, and the condition can impact a woman's health throughout her life, particularly during reproductive years and after menopause.
Can PCOS Be Prevented?
There is no known way to prevent PCOS, but early diagnosis and management can reduce the risk of complications. Maintaining a healthy weight, diet, and exercise routine can help manage symptoms and improve overall health.
