What is PCOS?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. It is characterized by high levels of androgens (male hormones) in the body and irregular menstrual cycles. Women with PCOS may have enlarged ovaries that contain small collections of fluid — called follicles — located in each ovary as seen during an ultrasound exam.
What are the Symptoms of PCOS?
Women with PCOS might experience irregular menstrual cycles, heavy bleeding, excess hair growth, acne, weight gain, male-pattern baldness, darkening of the skin, and multiple small cysts on the ovaries. It's important to note that not all women with PCOS will have all of these symptoms, and some might not have any.
What Causes PCOS?
The exact cause of PCOS is not known, but it's thought to be related to several factors, including insulin resistance and an increased level of hormones.
Insulin resistance leads to an over-production of insulin, which can increase the production of androgens. Overproduction of androgens can interfere with the ovaries' ability to ovulate correctly.
Diagnosis of PCOS
To diagnose PCOS, your gynecologist may review your medical history and perform a physical examination, including a pelvic exam. They may also conduct blood tests to measure hormone levels, glucose tolerance, fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels. An ultrasound can also be done to check for the presence of enlarged ovaries or follicles.Complications Associated with PCOS
PCOS can lead to a number of health complications, such as
infertility, gestational diabetes or pregnancy-induced high blood pressure, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis — a severe liver inflammation caused by fat accumulation in the liver, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, sleep apnea, depression, anxiety, and abnormal uterine bleeding.
PCOS Treatment
While there's no cure for PCOS, symptoms can be managed with the right treatments. Treatment goals are generally focused on managing individual concerns, such as infertility, hirsutism, acne, or obesity. This can be achieved through lifestyle modifications and medication. Lifestyle modifications include a healthy diet and regular exercise. Medications can include birth control pills, diabetes medications, fertility-enhancing drugs, and drugs that help reduce excessive hair growth.Living with PCOS
Living with PCOS can be difficult, but being proactive about your health can improve your condition. Regular check-ups are important, as is maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It's also beneficial to join a support group or connect with a mental health professional, as PCOS can often lead to feelings of depression or anxiety.
